British American Tobacco

Question: Discuss about theBritish American Tobacco. Answer: British American Tobacco (BAT) Introduction: British American Tobacco came in to existence in the year 1902 and was first listed in 1912. Today, It is one of the top 10 companies that are listed on the Stock Exchange of the London. Company is also listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. The cigarettes made by the company are chosen by the adult smokers all over the world and it is a market leader in about 55 countries. For ensuring sustainable future for it the company is delivering brand, quality and value to its customers. The Area that is covered by British American Tobacco Australasia Area includes Australia, the South Pacific Islands and New Zealand. The export business of the company supplies its products to various countries that includes: Vanuatu, French Polynesia, Nauru, East Timor, Cook Islands, Niue Tuvalu, Kiribati, Wallis Futuna and New Caledonia. Conceptual Framework The IASB has provided a new concept in the accounting field which is the conceptual framework. The presentation and the grounding of the financial statements are included in the conceptual framework. (BAT 2015)The conceptual framework helps in identification of the concepts that will be used in revising and establishing the IFRSs. Earlier, there were many setters for the standard of accounting those have operated without having a formal framework that further lead to the hazards in accounting standards. The earlier standards were inconsistent with each other and increased the risk of standards due to which preparing the financial statements became difficult. The IASC issued the Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements in the year 1989 and in the 2001 it was adopted by IASC. Relevancy and Faithful Representation in Financial Statement-Minatory IAS 1 presentation of financial statements year 2015 includes the following: Financial position statement Profit and loss statement Explanatory records and accounting policies Changes in equity Comparative information statement The annual report of BAT includes all the information required as per the IAS along with an audit report for proving the fair presentation of the BAT. (BAT 2015) The BAT includes the governance report in its report which is a must for all the publically listed companies. Though sustainability report is not mandatory but the company includes it as well in its annual report. There is chairmans report as well as Director report which is important according to the ASX compliance policies. Key Risk Factors For creating the faith of the investor about the company the company shall present the real information about itself in its report which is the social responsibility of the company. In the same way BAT has accepted the risk of tobacco and made efforts for reducing the same. The company has taken various steps to reduce the short term as well as long term risks involved in the industry. (Qusetion more 2015) Whistleblowing There is a whistle blowing policy set by the standards according to which the employees and staff can raise any issues without any kind of fear. There are local procedures for the policy for the group and at the London headquarters of the group. (Connett 2015)The quarterly reports are received by the committee about the incidents of whistle blowing that are discussed in detail. It helps in investigation of the various raised matters and taking follow up actions. There has been increase in the incidents in the year 2015 due to the results of adaption of new standards and awareness during 2015. (Durante 2015) Tax Tax is charged on the profits along with deferred tax. The calculation of the current tax is according to the basic tax laws in the countries where the companies, its subsidiaries, joint arrangements operate and income is generated. The liability method is used in deferred tax so that the temporary differences in the liabilities and assets can be known in the financial reports. The temporary difference that normally arise in the various assets and liabilities on those difference there is application of the deferred tax that mainly arises on the various investments etc. The deferred liabilities and assets are not discounted as per the IAS 12 Income Taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities are not discounted. The payment and the recovery of taxes are exposed by the group with the deferred tax. Liabilities or assets that arise for these payments or recoveries are recognized when the amount can be estimated reasonably. (British American Tobacco 2015) Corporate Governance It means a commitment towards transparency. For the continuous growth and sustainable development of BAT, it commits towards following the corporate governance. The BAT standards of business conduct reflects these principles that demonstrate the good corporate behaviour of BAT. They follow best business practice for which they are in the fore front for many years. All the staff and the group company follows the corporate governance all over the world. The company has designed the BAT statement of business principles for reflecting the expectations of the stakeholders. CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) The British American Tobacco Australasia Governance Committee monitors the CSR of the BAT Australia along with the members of the Management board of British American Tobacco Australasia. The Committee is responsible for CSR performance in markets in the Australasia region that enables best practices all over the area. (Bristish American Tobacco 2015) The corporate management responsibilities are demonstrated by the area marketers that are monitored by the Australasia management. The Statement of Business Principles guides the activities of the committee. For discussing the various matters the Committee meets twice a year. The resulting outputs of the above meetings are further referred to the CSR committee and the Asia Pacific Regional Audit .(5 2013) Bibliography 5, E 2013, Bath University, viewed 30 August 2016, Hyperlink "https://blogs.bath.ac.uk/tcrg/2013/01/22/new-research-explains-why-corporate-social-responsibility-is-unlikely-to-change-big-tobacco/"https://blogs.bath.ac.uk/tcrg/2013/01/22/new-research-explains-why-corporate-social-responsibility-is-unlikely-to-change-big-tobacco/ . BAT2015,Bat.com,viewed30August2016,Hyperlink"https://www.bat.com/group/sites/UK__9D9KCY.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/DO6FKEVZ" https://www.bat.com/group/sites/UK__9D9KCY.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/DO6FKEVZ . BAT 2015, BAT.com, viewed 30 August 2016, Hyperlink "https://www.bat.com/principles" https://www.bat.com/principles . Bristish American Tobacco 2015, CSR governance, viewed 30 August 2016, Hyperlink "https://www.bat.com/csrgovernance" https://www.bat.com/csrgovernance . British American Tobacco 2015, Bat.com, viewed 30 August 2016, Hyperlink"qhttps://www.bat.com/tax" qhttps://www.bat.com/tax . Connett, D 2015, Independent, viewed 30 August 2016, Hyperlink"https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/bullets-prostitutes-and-mass-corruption-how-a-tobacco-giant-british-american-tobacco-s-mr-fix-it-a6779226.html"https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/bullets-prostitutes-and-mass-corruption-how-a-tobacco-giant-british-american-tobacco-s-mr-fix-it-a6779226.html . Durante, N 2015, Bat.com, t"https://www.bat.com/group/sites/uk__9d9kcy.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/DO9EAMHQ/$FILE/medMD9NNJRF.pdf?openelement . Qusetion more 2015, RT Question more, viewed 30 August 2016, Hyperlink"https://www.rt.com/uk/324116-british-american-tobacco-bribery/" https://www.rt.com/uk/324116-british-american-tobacco-bribery/ .

My experiment Essay Example

My experiment Essay The aim of my experiment is to find the acceleration due to gravity otherwise known as g. To do this I could do an experiment that involves a pendulum and the formulawhich can be put into the equation of a straight line y=mx+c Another experiment I could undertake uses a trolley and ramp but a different formula involving mass, which again is put into the equation of a straight line.I am going to pursue the pendulum idea, as it was the original experiment used by Sir Isaac Newton whos value for the acceleration due to gravity still stands today (even with all our modern technology). The trolley and ramp idea seems insufficient as the trolley isnt really in free fall and the friction from the ramp would surely affect my results.I need to make a pendulum that: Has minimal friction at its pivot point, Can have its length easily changed and be accurately measured, Will not swing in a circle, Has a small set angle of swing (drop angle), Non elastic stemI propose two different ideas.Meccano idea: The rigid structure will stop the pendulum swinging in a circle. The even spaces mean that the length can be easily changed and easily measured. Using a wheel as a bob means that you can easily measure to the centre of it. Oil can be used to decrease friction at the pivot A protractor can be placed at the pivot and then the drop angle can be easily controlled. A light gate could be used to calculate oscillations more accurately.Double fishing line idea: The two points of contact will stop it swinging in a circle The line is almost massless which means it has little air resistance and has little negative affect on the experiment. The line can be clamped at the pivot and therefore has minimal friction. By measuring the line and marking divisions with a pen you can clamp the line at exactly the length you want, and easily slide it up and down to change it. Again a protractor can be used to control drop angle.Comparing the two ideas I find that:They both stop the pendulum swinging in a circle. This is important because I need to measure as accurately as possible the time period of a certain amount of oscillations. If the pendulum is swinging in a circle then the measurements will be less accurate. It could also collide with something, which would disrupt the experiment.They can both be measured accurately, although it is much easier to change the length of the meccano idea. The length is included in the formula, it will be one of the things used in calculating the acceleration due to gravity, and therefore needs to be measured as accurately as possible.The fishing line idea due to its clean crisp nature will have less friction at its pivot than the meccano idea. I would have to use oil for the pivot point of the meccano but it still involves the rubbing of metal against metal without bearings.They can both have their drop angle measured.The meccano idea could involve a light gate because its square shape will mean the light can be cut precisely whereas the f ishing line idea has a round bob with no definite cut of point and the fishing line is so thin it would not cut the light. As long as the cut of point is the same each time a light gate should be very accurate but it would take a lot of detailed co-ordination to achieve this. Also generally varying light levels occurring naturally in the room could affect the light gate. So as long as I work out my margin of error doing it manually would be just as accurate.Rigid pendulums are used in clocks so they must be accurate as timekeepers. Yet an Internet site (http: kossi.physics.home.edu/Courses/p23a/Experiaments/Pendulum.html) about the experiment stated that it recommended the use of a massless, inextensible string. All experiments I have seen also use some sort of string rather than a rigid structure.On this basis and previous reasoning I am going to use the fishing line idea.Apparatus: Fishing line Clip board clips Reasonably small cylindrical weight with attaching ring Two points of bearing so that the position of the bob at rest can be accurately seen when oscillating. Either a stand or clips from the ceiling or table. A stopwatch A protractor to measure the drop angle. A meter ruler or tape measure to measure the length of the pendulum.Fair test:There are three variables that could affect the result of my experiment. They are the drop angle the mass of the bob and the length of the pendulum. The two former are not included in the formula so should not affect the outcome of the experiment, non-the less I will keep them as constant as possible throughout my investigation.I will drop the pendulum from the same angle each time. This angle will be 10 degrees, anything more than that and the difference in amplitude of the oscillations will change more rapidly from the first to the last. This makes the time it takes for each different length of pendulum to complete the oscillations more variable.I will not move my experiment as not to change its set up between tests because this could affect my results.I will make sure that my pendulum stand is rigid so that it wont move and absorb some of the energy from the swing.Before I undergo the experiment I will use a computer program, which tests my reaction time, I can then work out the margin of error in my results. I will take the test 3 times and get an average I should be looking at something between 0.2 and 0.25 seconds.I will complete my experiments in a draft less area, as friction from a stream of air particles will have an adverse affect on the swing of the pendulum.Measurements:I will take measurements using a stop clock for the time it takes to complete 30 oscillations. This is enough to make human error and reaction time fairly insignificant but not too much so that the pendulum will stop before completion of its oscillations. In a book ( ) it recommends 50 oscillations and previous results show a successful experiment using only 20 so Im going for the middle ground. The stop clock will m easure accurately to 1/100th of a second, my reaction time after calculation will be somewhere between 0.2 and 0.25 of a second.I will measure the length of the pendulum but keep this as my controlled variable. I will measure from the pivot to the centre of the bob. The length measurements I will use will range from 10cm to 1m with divisions of 10cm. This means that from 0 there will be equal divisions, the graph will therefore look tidier and have a good range of results over an equal spread. I can measure with a tape measure precisely up to 0.1 of a centimetre (1.0mm).I will repeat my experiments 3 times and take an average. I will do this to check reliability, a small range in results means they are reliable.I will record my results in a table like this one: -Length of pendulum /mTime for 30 oscillations (s)Average period of time T/sTime for one length squared T2/s2EXP 1EXP 2EXP 30.100.200.300.400.500.600.700.800.901.00Detailed plan:; Find a suitable place to build the pendulum e ither from the ceiling, or on two stands between two tables to allow a meter of pendulum beneath them. A rigid structure is important otherwise energy is absorbed in the swaying of the stands.; Build the pendulum as shown in the picture on the previous page. By attaching the two clip board clips to something so that the distance between them does not change. Cut two pieces of fishing line longer than a meter and tie them both to a weight. Clip the line into the clipboard clips. Attach a protractor to one side so that the angle the pendulum is at can be seen from the other.; Use a smallish mass e.g. 50g so that the fishing line doesnt slide through the clipboard clips. Measure the length of the pendulum to be 10cm1.0mm When constructed hold the pendulum back to 10 degrees as shown on the protractor. Let go and at the same time start the stop clock. Count 30 oscillations and stop the clock. Note down the time on the chart in excel. Repeat the experiment another two times and note the results down on the chart. An average will automatically be calculated. Repeat with the next length e.g. 20cm1.0mm And then carry on until all lengths have been done 3 times. The results will automatically come up on a scatter graph in excel and should show a strait line.Safety:I will make sure any stands are fixed securely so that they wont fall on top of anyone.I will make sure the weight is secured tightly so that it wont fall of on to anyone.I will make sure everyone is clear of the pendulum so that it wont swing into anyone.I wont swing the pendulum past 10 degrees, as this is unsafe and may hit some one. Prediction:I predict my results will show that T2 is directly proportional to ; the gradient of the line will be around 4.00 and therefore a value for g can be calculated at 9.8ms-2 (2sf)Hypothesis:T2 will be directly proportional to because as the length of the pendulum increases so does its displacement therefore so dose the time it takes.I predict this because Isaac Newton whom the story goes, had an apple fall on his head, recorded from theory that all objects had a gravitational pull or gravitational field strength due to the fact that masses attract. He successfully calculated using the pendulum experiment that the acceleration due to gravity was 9.81ms-2. The reason my results will not necessarily come up with this exact figure is because there will be a degree of uncertainty. This will be due to the accuracy of my measuring ability, which will be controlled by the equipment I use and in some case my reaction time.Another factor that plays a role in calculating g is where you are on the earth; In some places you weigh less than in others. This is due to things like the density of the rock that you are standing on. Igneous rock on continental plates, which is denser than others types will make g larger where as sedimentary rock on oceanic plates which is less dense than other types will cause a smaller value of g. If this is so then doing the exper iment out at sea or elevated from the ground on a high-rise building will also have a different value for g. You also have to take into account gravitational pull from the sun and moon or even other smaller bodies of mass like say the walls in the room the experiment is undertaken. These will all pull the pendulum an opposite way to the effect from the earths gravitational field strength. Generally the affect is so small the apparatus I will be using wont pick up any difference in results. And I dont have enough funds to go travelling the world.ImplementingChanges I made to my plan while implementing where:Instead of using a protractor to measure a 10 degree drop angle, I drew this angle on to a piece of card so that I could see it clearly and therefore measure more accurately the angle at which I was dropping the pendulum each time.Because my pendulum involved two points of contact the fishing line could not just be measured from the clip to the bob to gain a value for length, as t his would have been incorrect. Instead I had to measure the distance from the ground to the bottom of the clip (155.5cm) and make sure this value was the same on both sides by adjusting the clamps. I would then measure from the ground to the centre of the bob and take it away from 155.5cm to gain the value for length.Although I said I would not move the pendulum structure as not to affect the results, due to the time it took to build my structure I could not finish my experiment in the first sitting. I had to move it to keep it safe. I took measurements so that I could put it back in almost the same place for the next sitting.Observing and recordingHere are the results that I collected from my experiments:Length of pendulum (/m)Time for 30 oscillations (s)Standard deviationAverage period of time (T/s)Time for one length squared (Tà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½/sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½)Increment (s)EXP 1EXP 2EXP 30.1018.8218.8418.820.0118.830.390.390.2027.0527.0027.020.0327.020.810.420.3032.9633.0133.010.0332.99 1.210.400.4038.2238.2238.180.0238.211.620.410.5042.5342.4642.560.0542.522.010.390.6046.6646.7546.750.0546.722.430.420.7050.3450.2850.350.0450.322.810.390.8053.8953.7553.870.0853.843.220.410.9057.0656.9957.090.0557.053.620.401.0061.5459.2060.161.1860.304.040.42While implementing my experiment I added two more columns to my chart. The standard deviation column was added so that I could see weather my result taking was reliable and then make a decision on whether to repeat them or not. The increment column was added so that I could see how close to a straight line my results were heading. Both of these additions allowed me to see while doing the experiment whether I was doing it right and therefore whether I had to change anything.The results in green where results that I repeated, and the results in red are ones which I have earmarked for closer evaluation due to the large standard deviation from them. The green results for 0.1m were all repeated because the first time I collected the m I counted every swing as an oscillation, therefore only timing it for half the oscillations it should have completed. It there had a much lower result for time period than is shown in green (in fact only half that). I could have doubled the result but that would have been bad practise, wind resistance may have slowed down that second half of oscillations, which I would not have observed.For the time period of the oscillations I wrote down the results to two decimal places because I wanted to have the level of precision given by the stop clock. Because of this in all other calculations originating from the time period of the oscillations I also used two decimal places.Interpretation and EvaluationFrom the chart I made a graph on excel which plotted time squared (Tà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½/sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½) against length (/m). I expected to see a straight line with strong positive correlation through (0,0) because it is directly proportional.This graph shows that time squared is directly proportio nal to the length of the pendulum. This is because of simple harmonic motion caused by the pull of gravity. If the graph was just time against length it would be a curve. I can now work out the acceleration due to gravity but first I have to put the equation that relates T2 to length into the formula for a straight line.y=mx+cI then used the gradient, 4.03 to eventually find a value for g.Theory shows that the value for c (the intercept) should be 0 because the line is directly proportional. Although my result for c is a very tiny way off 0 it is too small to be used in the calculation. The reason it does not follow theory is because of an error in the measuring of the length. There are many reasons why that may be. One reason is that because of the long-winded way I had to measure the length of the pendulum there was much room for small errors, like whether the ground was all level. Another reason could be that because my bob had a small extension above its main body its centre of gravity would not have been exactly at its main body centre, this would mean a slight error in measuring the length each time. I could work out the bobs centre of gravity and if I had more time thats what I would do to extend this experiment. But now I am quite happy with knowing that my value for g is not affected by this small error. If I were to do the experiment again I would take more time and caution when measuring and maybe find a better more accurate way to do it. I would use a bob that could be described as a point weight or work out the centre of gravity for an irregular weight.Degree of uncertainty:I am going to round my value of gravity to 2 significant figures. This gives me a value for g at 9.8ms-2 and a percentage error of compared to the accepted value of 9.81ms-2. To find out where this percentage error came from I have to trace back and work it out from the limitations of my measuring equipment.Actual error for time0.15sActual error for length0.001mLength of P (/m) Average period of time (T/s)Percentage error for T (%)Time for one length squared (T2/s2)Percentage error for T2 (%)Actual error for T2 (s2)0.1018.830.800.391.590.010.2027.020.560.811.110.010.3032.990.451.210.910.010.4038.210.391.620.790.010.5042.520.352.010.710.010.6046.720.322.430.640.020.7050.320.302.810.600.020.8053.840.283.220.560.020.9057.050.263.620.530.021.0060.300.254.040.500.02* Actual error for time is 0.01s for the limitation of the stop clock + 0.14s for the variance in my reaction time. If it takes you 0.2 seconds to react to the dropping of the pendulum and then 0.2 seconds to react to it finishing its final oscillation then the two cancel each other out. The problem is you dont have the same reaction time each occasion you stop or start the clock. To find out my minimum and maximum reaction time I used a computer program and found that my fastest result was 0.19s and my slowest was 0.26s a 0.07 second difference. This means that there is a 0.14 second uncertainty, 0. 07 at the start and 0.07 at the end.* To find the percentage uncertainty for time I divided the actual error by the average time and then multiplied this by 100.* To find the percentage error for time squared I multiplied the percentage error for time by two.* To find the actual error for time squared I divided the T2 by 100 and then multiplied this by the percentage error for T2.* The actual error for length is due to the limitation of the measuring equipment and means that I can only measure accurately up to one millimetre.To find out the percentage error of my result for g I need to now draw another graph with error bars, then from this find the maximum and minimum possible values of the gradient. After that I will use the formula to work out a value for the acceleration due to gravity using the lowest gradient and then the same with the highest gradient. From that I can then work out a percentage error.From the graph you can see that my two values for g were 9.99ms-2 and 9.62ms- 2 this gives me an actual error of 0.2ms-2 rounded to one significant figure and a percentage error of 2%.This shows that the true value for g lies within the percentage error of mine 9.8ms-22%. These errors came from the accuracy of the equipment that I was using or the accuracy of my ability to read of the results from the equipment. If I wanted to eradicate any hint of error caused by reaction time in any future experiments I could use a light gate to record the time taken for oscillations. This is a device that when the light is disrupted records a result on a computer. I had previously disregarded this idea because it was not suited to my experiment but Im sure that in future I could adapt it.Correlation:I know that my gradient produced an accurate value for g taking into account the percentage error, but what about each individual result for time. How accurate are they? How strong is there correlation? And what could I have done to make them more accurate? I researched a formu la that could be used to calculate correlation called the: -Product Moment Correlation Coefficient:With the help of a graphic calculator I worked this out to be 0.99997431 (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1) in a scale where 1 is absolute positive correlation and 0 is no correlation it is quite clear that these results bear a very strong positive correlation.Although the correlation is strong there is a reasonable amount of standard deviation between my 3 repeats of each length of pendulum. From my table of results you can see that generally the longer the pendulum the greater the standard deviation, especially on the last length highlighted in red. I suggest that the longer the pendulum swings for the more friction air resistance and any other external effects affect it. The reason that the last result was so far different was, I think, because the table that my experiment sat was knocked during the taking of one result. This would have meant some of the energy from the swing would have been absorbed in the swaying of the table and structure.You can also see from the increment that there wasnt a perfect step up in results this could be due to the unevenness of the floor, which I was measuring the length from. The way I was measuring the angle left a small margin for error each time I dropped the pendulum. The fishing line could have slipped a bit on some results although it was held quite firmly it was held by the spring tension of a metal clip board clip rather then say a fixed clamp. Due to the fact that the experiment took me a while to set up (mainly because of trying to solve my angle measuring problem) I didnt get to finish all the result taking in one session. Although I tried my best using measurements to set it up exactly the same in the next session the results may have been affected. Though looking at my chart there is no uniform alteration in increment or standard deviation, which would support this. To improve my experiment for next time I would pay more attention to detail when measuring the angle of swing and do all the result taking in one session.One other factor that may have caused a small anomaly in my value for the acceleration due to gravity is as I explained in my plan the difference in the Earths gravitational field strength. Because the different density of the earth at different points it dose not have a uniform gravitational field strength and the place where I conducted my experiment may have a different value for g than the place Newton conducted his. (I must note that this anomaly will only be tiny but very interesting if I wanted to extend my experiment any further)Conclusion:I conclude that my result for the acceleration due to gravity of 9.8ms-2 reflects an accurate attempt at supporting the value discovered by Sir Isaac Newton. The 2% uncertainty that I gained from the limitations of my measuring equipment due to their accuracy show that Newtons value lies within the boundaries of mine. If I were to do the experiment agai n and follow all the modifications that I have stated then I am sure that I could if not only repeat the level of accuracy shown by my result of g to 2 significant figures maybe even find it to 3 (9.81ms-2).Furthering my investigation:To further my investigation I could find out the effect on time period by changing mass (although I know from Newton who stated that the time period is independent of mass or swing length, the fact that they are not in the formula supports this).I could complete the experiment in different parts of the world where I know the density of rock beneath me is different to see if I could gain different results for g. My experiment would have to have been refined to great perfection though so as to notice any change.I could investigate the simple pendulum as a parametric oscillator by changing either its length or acceleration due to gravity during oscillations as to keep it swinging at a constant rate.

Religious Freedom Essay Sample - Why Its So Helpful

Religious Freedom Essay Sample - Why It's So HelpfulA religious freedom essay sample can be a great resource for those who are seeking to understand the concept of religious liberty. This is a topic that has recently gained a lot of attention in our country. It's no secret that Americans have become more interested in protecting their right to practice their faith as they see fit. This is great news for everyone, including those who are involved in the debate over religious liberty and nondiscrimination.A religious freedom essay sample will help you understand the idea behind protecting your rights as an American. It will also serve as a helpful guide in developing your own opinion on the subject. The problem is, most Americans have never really taken the time to think about the concept of religious liberty in depth. However, there are many people who have read one of these essays and come away with an entirely different opinion.The gist of the concept of religious liberty is the fre edom to practice your religion without interference from government. Many feel that the very concept of religious liberty is often distorted to include too much government interference. If you agree that this is the case, you'll want to take a look at an essay that explains the concept of religious liberty, how it applies to you, and why you should care.The concept of religious liberty actually originated in different countries many centuries ago. It isn't unique to America. It actually stems from many different areas of the world, including both Christianity and Islam. Even if you don't practice one religion, you can still take some interest in the topic.A religious freedom essay sample can also be a useful tool for those who are involved in the debate over religious liberty. You'll want to read some of these samples and use them as a guide in understanding this important issue. With so many different opinions out there, it's difficult to know what to believe. Reading about the con cept of religious liberty can help you make sense of what's going on.The law protects the freedom of free religious speech, but the government should not interfere in the lives of Christians, Muslims, or Jews. Individuals must live their lives according to their own beliefs. They should have no duty to force their beliefs on others. If they believe that homosexuality is a sin, they should not have to compel their lifestyle on others.Another great thing about an essay sample on religious liberty is that it won't offer you all the information. Rather, it will provide you with a quick overview. This means that you can get a good idea of what the topic is all about without having to spend too much time studying the entire topic.In addition to being a valuable resource, religious liberty essays are also well-written and informative. They will also let you see how you can best express your opinion on the topic. By taking a look at one of these samples, you'll be able to form your own opin ion. Whether you agree with the opinions expressed or not, you'll be able to find something that you can relate to when it comes to the concept of religious liberty.

A Loss for Words Book Review

A Loss for Words Book Review A Loss for Words is a book written by Lou Ann Walker that talks about things that deaf people go through in their normal everyday life. It is an autobiography about the author and narrates how the author’s experience of having deaf parents. The book is based in the modern society and seeks to express to the rest of the world how the deaf people live. This paper aims to respond to a few of the items cited by the author. Question 1 A residential school means that the child stays at the education training facility for a particular period of time e.g. a semester. The child is allowed to go back home at the end of this period. A residential school for the deaf provides the child with the appropriate care that they need. The care givers in such schools are trained personnel that have adequate experience in the field. This ensures that the children’s needs are catered for thus do not lack the basic amenities. On the other hand, it insulates them from the realities of the outside world hence does little to protect them. The author’s parents were born into families that did not understand them hence were shipped off to the Indiana School for the Deaf at a very young age (42, 45-48). From the perspective of hearing parents, this helps the child to actualize the situation that they have been born in. It thus helps the child to understand his/her surroundings and prepare them for life outside the facility. Most of these parents have no idea as to how to handle their kids hence send them off to schools where they are better catered for. Lou Anne‘s grandparents from her father’s ,Gale, side of the family sent their son to such a school as they were overwhelmed with taking care of the rest of the six siblings (56-57). Deaf parents on the other hand send their kids to such places to learn how to live with other people. The facilities insulate them from victimization from the society. The author shows how the world can be cruel when she writes about how the parent to a deaf child hired her to give the child a lecture and he later abuses the kid when she leaves the room. Question 2 Deaf people usually end up marrying deaf people due to the easy acceptance that the two/ pair have for each other. The author’s parents, for example, met through a blind date. The deaf people understand each other more easily than a couple where one can hear while the other is deaf. The probability that such a union will prosper is limited as the society’s perceptions will wear it down. The deaf couples therefore feel more comfortable with a partner who undergoes the same experiences as them (156-67). Question 3 In the book, the deaf are treated as people who are not worth anything to the society thus despised against. This is seen during the party when after the author had explained to the young man that her parents are deaf, he quickly loses interest in her. The deaf are also seen as psychologically impaired hence are not able to understand much of anything. This can be seen when the author is, as a child, is addressed by the mechanics and the parents completely ignored. The deaf people’s culture is also swept under the rag and is not considered worth much of anything. This is cited by the author when she writes that when she was born, the doctors first had to confirm that she was â€Å"normal†. The room was relieved that she could hear. The doctors did not have it in mind that the deaf parents had their own expectations (90, 102-109). The situation continues to unfold in the current world also. This is demonstrated by the fact that we are not at all interested in the deaf otherwise the learning of sign language could have been a mandatory subject in the teaching curriculum.

Bovine Spongy Encephalitis (BSE) in Japan

Bovine Spongy Encephalitis (BSE) in Japan The essay aims to investigate the issue of Bovine Spongy Encephalitis (BSE) in Japan, with particular emphasis on the meat traceability system adopted by the Japanese regulatory authorities and its implications for the Japanese food markets, its beef industry, and the hospitality industry. Presumably written in late 2005 or early 2006, some three years after BSE reared its head in Japan, the essay attempts to trace the events that led to the BSE scare in Japan and the responses adopted by the state and industry to cope with market and customer apprehensions. Essays, on specialised subjects like these, need to have reader friendly, grammatically correct structures that guide curious lay people through the complexities of unfamiliar issues in sequential logical steps; such efforts should be well researched, evidence clarity about the subject at hand, make good use of language skills and engage reader interest in the main and allied themes. BSE, better known as mad cow disease, emerged first in the UK in 1986, its manifestation in cattle being associated with a number of logical, as well as fanciful theories that included (a) force feeding of cattle, animals that are normally herbivorous, with meat or bone meal from semi-sterilised cadavers, and (b) import of meat meal, contaminated with human meat, from India (Jones, 2001)! Related to the presence of a misfolded protein called Prion in the brain tissues of cattle, BSE is known to make the brain of a cow a bloody mass of spongy tissue, followed by the certain death of the affected animal (Jones, 2001). Worryingly it is also known to infect humans who consume BSE tainted products (Jones, 2001). The disease first showed up in commercially reared livestock in the UK, and has since then been associated with more than 150 human deaths in the UK alone; its occurrence in the United States led to panic in Japan, a major importer of US beef, and thereafter to a number of protective and regulatory steps by the Japanese for ensuring the safety and quality of beef consumed in the country (Nottage, 2004). Whilst such background information would have been particularly relevant for establishing the importance of the topic, especially in light of the levels of global panic generated by the outbreak of BSE in the early 2000s, there is little of it in the essay; the author preferring to commence the study directly with the detection of the first BSE case in Japan in 2001 and the events that followed. With much effort having been given to providing technical details about Creutzfeldt – Jakob disease, (CJD) and its new variant, in the appendices to the essay, some elementary information about Prion, established to be the root cause of BSE, the substantial loss of human life, and the worldwide concern that arose, post the emergence of the disease, would have helped in driving home the need for governments to adopt stern regulatory measures and in putting the Japanese regulatory efforts in their proper p erspective. Ford’s book on the risks posed by BSE to mankind, which has otherwise been included by the author in the references, provides a graphic account of the dangers of BSE and the essay would have been well served by the inclusion of some of the highlighted risks.

Myth & Wrestling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Myth & Wrestling - Essay Example 4The belief that fighting as many views wrestling is a preserve for men because again many belief women to be soft and not able to tolerate the physical exchange involved. 1.12. Overweight wresting Traditionally, overweight was not believed to be a major cause for worry in many traditions. 5In fact many are the cultures that associate body mass with being a well to do person and therefore lack of it was interpreted to mean starvation or 'not doing so well'. The underlying belief was that in order to gain weight, one had to be eating well and conversely, eating well meant that one was having enough to spend on food. Such society was simple and technological advancement had not caught up with the people, having enough food to put on the table implied that one was meeting their basic needs and therefore were well to do. Therefore overweight was something, which the society treasured and valued, and therefore those overweight or with much weight were considered fit for wrestling and the other culturally viable tasks associated with it. Today, the myth about wrestling still remains albeit with some little new meanings to it. 6The connotation attached to wrestling is one in which wrestlers are viewed as tough, by being tough or purporting to be tough the society sees in a wrestler a champion, someone who is dependable, one who can protect some one who can sire an offspring, capable of defense, toughness as depicted is a virtue. Wrestling is the epitome of power, authority and control. The above are achieved through cohesion, use of force, blackmailing and manipulation. Toughness is to be adored, to be revered and at the same time to be countered with an equal measure of... The author of the essay "Myth & Wrestling" begins with that myth is the hidden set of rules and conventions through which meanings, which are in reality specific to certain groups are made to seem universal and given for a whole society. Myth can serve to precipitate fear, to uphold status quo, to guide and serve as a road map towards cultural believes and practices. Wrestling, applied to myth can take the three different meaning so that several cultural values are attached to it. These may include masculinity as many cultures attach or connect masculinity to protectionism, the way wrestling is contacted makes clear that the society is agreeing to by spectating acts depicted in wrestling, whether fictional or real , in a wresting game, value of the masculinity the ingenuity with which wrestlers ruthlessly handle each other is a clear sign that, in wrestling there are deeper meanings. Just to emphasize masculinity, contesters are usually heavy and well build. Culturally a man underweight would never pass for wrestling auditions. It is almost un-ethic to even think about wrestling if one does not confer to the se values and standards. Myths for a long time has determined and chatted the way forward for man, this is evident in the way different meanings as embedded to different actions, tries and objects. Myths play and will continue to play a very positive role in the society. Currently the mystery in myth especially in wresting provides a better and deeper meaning which is essential to understand cultural meanings.

Four Principles of Individual Decision Making Assignment

Four Principles of Individual Decision Making - Assignment Example But in order to purchase a television we have no other way, but to give up some money. In economic terms it is said that â€Å"There is no such things as a free lunch†. The second principle says that the cost of something is what we give up to get it. For example, consider a person forced to give up $ 200 for purchasing a television the cost of that television would be $ 200. If another person spends $ 300 on an advanced television the cost of that television would be $ 300. Suppose a person exchanges a television for a mobile phone, the cost of the television and the mobile phone would be equal. In short, cost of a commodity is determined by the sacrifice we did to achieve it or gain it. The third principle says that whenever rational people purchase something they will think of the margins they may get. In other words rational individuals compare the marginal benefits and the marginal costs before taking a purchasing decision. Suppose a person think of purchasing some gold as an investment. The prices of gold goes on increasing at present and a rational person know that if he invests in gold now, he will get more benefits in the future. At the same time he has another option of investing the money as term deposits in banks. But the marginal benefits received from banks as interests might be less than the marginal benefits gets from the gold investment. In other words the decision to select one alternative over other depends on the marginal benefits associated with both of them. The fourth principle says that people may respond to incentives. For example, buy one get one free is a common sales strategy adopted by many manufacturers. When we go to shopping, we often see advertisements like that. A person visiting a shopping mall for purchasing a particular brand of shirt may change his decision if he sees the advertisement of another branded shirt in which they offer one free shirt of same quality for every purchase of a new shirt from them. Thus incentives may often influence the decision making of individuals.